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Monensin Solution (1,000X) Monensin Solution (1,000X)

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420701 1 mL SEK454
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Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  2. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  3. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  4. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  5. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  6. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  7. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  8. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  9. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  10. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  11. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  12. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  13. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  14. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  15. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  16. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  17. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  18. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  19. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  20. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  21. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  22. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  23. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  24. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  25. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  26. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  27. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  28. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  29. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  30. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  31. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  32. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  33. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  34. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  35. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  39. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  40. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  41. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  42. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  43. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  44. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  45. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  46. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  47. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  48. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  49. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  50. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  51. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  52. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  53. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  54. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  55. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  56. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  57. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  58. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  59. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  60. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  61. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  62. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  63. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  64. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  65. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  66. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  67. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  68. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  69. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  70. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  71. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  72. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  73. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  74. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  75. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  76. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  77. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  78. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  79. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  80. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  81. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  82. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  83. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  84. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  85. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  86. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  87. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  88. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  89. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  90. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  91. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  92. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  93. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  94. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  95. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  96. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  97. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed
  98. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  99. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed
  100. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  101. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  102. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  103. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  104. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  105. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  106. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  107. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  108. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  109. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  110. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  111. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  112. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  113. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  114. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  115. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  116. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  117. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  118. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  119. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  120. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  121. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  122. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  123. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  124. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  125. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  126. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  127. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  128. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  129. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  130. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  131. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  132. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  133. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  134. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  135. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  136. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  137. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  138. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  139. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  140. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  141. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  142. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  143. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
  144. Douthwaite J, et al. 2017. J Immunol. 198(1):528-537. PubMed
  145. Meyer C, Key P 2017. Imm Inflam Dis. 10.1002/iid3.156. PubMed
  146. Montes de Oca M, et al. 2020. PLoS Pathog. 16:e1008994. PubMed
  147. Geisness AC, et al. 2021. Haematologica. Online ahead of print. PubMed
  148. Park HB, et al. 2020. Oncoimmunology. 9:1772663. PubMed
  149. Steinbuck MP, et al. 2021. Sci Adv. 7: . PubMed
  150. Acharya A, et al. 2020. J Virol. 95:e01657. PubMed
  151. Ries M, et al. 2017. PLoS Pathog. 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006506. PubMed
  152. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  153. Uddin MN, et al. 2022. Brain Behav Immun Health. 26:100563. PubMed
  154. Takushi SE, et al. 2020. Hum Gene Ther. 31:626. PubMed
  155. Shenoy AT, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5834. PubMed
  156. Imani J, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:. PubMed
  157. Elliott PR, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 37:109777. PubMed
  158. Bunting MD, et al. 2022. Sci Adv. 8:eabk3327. PubMed
  159. Ren Y, et al. 2022. J Immunother Cancer. 10:. PubMed
  160. Mittal P, et al. 2020. Cancers (Basel). :12. PubMed
  161. Orlov M, et al. 2017. PLoS One.. 10.1371/journal.pone.018296. PubMed
  162. Gross C, et al. 2016. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 3: e289. PubMed
  163. Johnson AM, et al. 2020. J Immunol. 204:2295. PubMed
  164. Vacaflores A, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 11: 0157175. PubMed
  165. Sendler M, et al. 2020. Gastroenterology. 158:253. PubMed
  166. Huang RS, et al. 2021. Curr Protoc. 1:e246. PubMed
  167. Ngwenyama N, et al. 2019. JCI Insight. 4:e125527. PubMed
  168. Chen YF, et al. 2019. J Biomed Sci. 26:85. PubMed
  169. Krishnan A, et al. 2020. Am J Pathol. 190:1284. PubMed
  170. Nice T, et al. 2016. PLoS One. 12: 1005684. PubMed
  171. Liu X, et al. 2009. J Immunol. 183:51:00. PubMed
  172. Gladow N, et al. 2020. PLoS One. 15:e0227734. PubMed
  173. Loeuillard E, et al. 2020. J Clin Invest. 130:5380. PubMed
  174. de Picciotto S, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:3866. PubMed
  175. Shafer S, et al. 2021. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 148:256. PubMed
  176. Teh MR, et al. 2021. Front Immunol. 12:714613. PubMed
  177. Mandour MF, et al. 2020. Infect Agent Cancer. 15:30. PubMed
  178. Wood M, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  179. Ren Y, et al. 2015. Biochim Biophys Acta. Available online 14 August 2015. PubMed
  180. FitzPatrick MEB, et al. 2021. Cell Rep. 34:108661. PubMed
  181. Sabag B, et al. 2022. Cancers (Basel). 14:. PubMed
  182. Dimeloe S, et al. 2016. J Immunol. 196: 106 - 114. PubMed
  183. Bunse C, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
  184. Liu X, et al. 2020. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 12:1758835920910347. PubMed
  185. Burger ML, et al. 2021. Cell. 184:4996. PubMed
  186. Landi A, et al. 2017. Vaccine.. 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.072. PubMed
  187. Seenappa LM, et al. 2022. NPJ Vaccines. 7:128. PubMed
  188. Bonavita E, et al. 2020. Immunity. 1215:53. PubMed
  189. Mackroth M, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12:e1005909. PubMed
  190. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  191. Schridde A, et al. 2017. Mucosal Immunol. 10.1038/mi.2016.142. PubMed
  192. Spiljar M, et al. 2021. Cell Metab. 33:2231. PubMed
  193. Ruland C, et al. 2017. Brain Behav Immun. 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.06.010. PubMed
  194. Krishna B, et al. 2016. Sci Rep. 6: 24674. PubMed
  195. Laczkó D, et al. 2020. Immunity. 53:724. PubMed
  196. Marvin S, et al. 2017. J Virol. 10.1128/JVI.01417-16. PubMed
  197. Kumar S, et al. 2021. JCI Insight. 6:e145228. PubMed
  198. Fujiwara Y, et al. 2021. Nat Commun. 12:5857. PubMed

Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

Go To Top Version: 1    Revision Date: 11-30-2012

For Research Use Only. Not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.

 

This product is supplied subject to the terms and conditions, including the limited license, located at www.biolegend.com/terms) ("Terms") and may be used only as provided in the Terms. Without limiting the foregoing, BioLegend products may not be used for any Commercial Purpose as defined in the Terms, resold in any form, used in manufacturing, or reverse engineered, sequenced, or otherwise studied or used to learn its design or composition without express written approval of BioLegend. Regardless of the information given in this document, user is solely responsible for determining any license requirements necessary for user’s intended use and assumes all risk and liability arising from use of the product. BioLegend is not responsible for patent infringement or any other risks or liabilities whatsoever resulting from the use of its products.

 

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Pricing & Availability
Regulatory Status
RUO
Ave. Rating
Submit a Review
Product Citations
publications
Cat # Size Price Quantity Check Availability Save
420701 1 mL SEK454
Check Availability


Need larger quantities of this item?
Request Bulk Quote
Description

Monensin is a protein transport inhibitor commonly used to enhance intracellular cytokine staining signals by blocking transport processes during cell activation. Especially useful for the intracellular staining of cytokines, monensin leads to the accumulation of most cytokines at the Golgi Complex/Endoplasmic Reticulum (see Jung, et al., 1993). Optimal conditions for use are cell type and time-dependent. Typically, protein transport inhibitors are included during in vitro cell activation cultures for 4-24 hours prior to harvest (see references below for additional information). Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1,000X solution, which should be diluted to 1X in cell culture medium.

Product Details
Technical Data Sheet (pdf)

Product Details

Formulation
Monensin Solution is supplied as a 1000X working solution in 70% Ethanol. Dilute to 1X in cell culture medium.
Concentration
2.0 mM
Storage & Handling
Store the solution between 2°C and 8°C. Monensin is known to be toxic; avoid direct body contact. Ethanol is flammable; keep away from sources of fire.
Application

ICFC - Quality tested
Recommended Usage

Dilute the 1000X solution to 1X in the tissue culture medium. It is recommended that cells are cultured with monensin for ≤ 24 hours, as this can become toxic for cell viability.

Application References
  1. Smeltz RB. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:4786.
  2. Fuse S, et al. 2007. J. Immunol. 178:5227.
  3. Durkin ET,et al. 2008. Blood 10:1182.PubMed
  4. Durkin ET, et al. 2008. Blood 112:5245. PubMed
  5. Liu XS, et al. 2009. J. Immunol. 183:51. PubMed
  6. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  7. Yang M, et al. 2010. J. Immuonl. 184:3321. PubMed
  8. Mattarollo SR, et al. 2010. J. Immunol. 184:5663. PubMed
  9. Wood MW, et al. 2011. Infect Immun. 79:708. PubMed
  10. Janune D, et al. 2011. FEBS Lett. 585:3033. PubMed
  11. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J. Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  12. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  13. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  14. Bunse CE, et al. 2013. PLoS One. 8:77925. PubMed
Product Citations
  1. Pal R, et al. 2020. Curr Protoc Cytom. 92:e69. PubMed
  2. Bhatt RS, et al. 2021. Cancer Immunol Res. 9:156. PubMed
  3. Yu L, et al. 2022. FEBS J. 289:3241. PubMed
  4. Zhang X, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:7582. PubMed
  5. Giannou AD, et al. 2023. Immunity. 56:125. PubMed
  6. Martinelli M, et al. 2023. iScience. 26:105860. PubMed
  7. Zhou H, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1059687. PubMed
  8. Mandour MF, et al. 2023. Front Med (Lausanne). 9:1057252. PubMed
  9. Pymm P, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110449. PubMed
  10. Giles JR, et al. 2022. Immunity. 55:557. PubMed
  11. Ye L, et al. 2022. Cell Metab. 34:595. PubMed
  12. Du J, et al. 2022. Sci Immunol. 7:eabo5407. PubMed
  13. Duan LJ, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 40:111284. PubMed
  14. Lu C, et al. 2023. Antiviral Res. 212:105556. PubMed
  15. Kozlovski S, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 13:1041552. PubMed
  16. Zhou Y, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1129705. PubMed
  17. Changsheng H, et al. 2023. Sci Adv. 9:eade4186. PubMed
  18. Comeau K, et al. 2023. Bio Protoc. 13:e4679. PubMed
  19. Frankish J, et al. 2023. Front Immunol. 14:1160116. PubMed
  20. Patskovsky Y, et al. 2023. Nat Commun. 14:3763. PubMed
  21. Mattarollo S, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:1242. PubMed
  22. Li D, et al. 2013. Clin Immunol. 149:411. PubMed
  23. Pan YG, et al. 2022. Methods Mol Biol. 2574:31. PubMed
  24. Munk R, et al. 2011. PLoS One. 6:e18553. PubMed
  25. Aguilar-Pineda JA, et al. 2021. iScience. 24:102993. PubMed
  26. Qian Y, et al. 2021. Cell Reports. 36(8):109602. PubMed
  27. Andrew Mansour, Laurentiu Pop, Ellen Vitetta 2016. PLoS One. 11:e0167618. PubMed
  28. Asgari E, et al. 2013. Blood. 122:3473. PubMed
  29. Durkin E, et al. 2008. Blood. 112:5245. PubMed
  30. Bailey S, et al. 2017. Nat Commun.. 10.1038/s41467-017-01867-9. PubMed
  31. Yang M, et al. 2010. J Immunol. 184:3321. PubMed
  32. Gao F, et al. 2021. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 10:593805. PubMed
  33. Cook CP, et al. 2022. Cell Rep Med. 3:100715. PubMed
  34. Tian M, et al. 2022. J Clin Invest. 132:. PubMed
  35. Kimura I, et al. 2022. Cell Rep. 38:110218. PubMed
  36. Izumi K, et al. 2021. Immunohorizons. 5:687. PubMed
  37. Glaubitz J, et al. 2022. Nat Commun. 13:4502. PubMed
  38. Fiorenza S, et al. 2012. J Immunol. 189:5622. PubMed
  39. Rana A, et al. 2020. Front Immunol. 11:536. PubMed
  40. Martens A, et al. 2020. Nat Immunol. 21:381. PubMed
  41. Theeb W, et al. 2017. Infect Immun . 10.1128/IAI.00475-16. PubMed
  42. Datta A, et al. 2022. J Fungi (Basel). 8:. PubMed
  43. Al-Attar A, et al. 2016. Data Brief. 8: 536-44. PubMed
  44. Joosten S, et al. 2016. PLoS Pathog. 12: 1005687. PubMed
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Antigen Details

Antigen References

1. Current Protocols in Immunology (John Wiley & Sons New York) Unit 6.24 Detection of Intracellular Cytokines by Flow Cytometry (Barbara Foster and Calman Prussin NIAID NIH Bethesda MD).
2. Sander B, et al. 1991. Immunol. Rev. 119:65.
3. Sander B, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 166:201.
4. Prussin C, et al. 1995. J. Immunol. Meth. 188:117.
5. Jung T, et al. 1993. J. Immunol. Meth. 159:197.

Gene ID
NA

Related FAQs

How do I choose monensin or Brefeldin A solution?

Generally, Brefeldin A is more toxic for longer term incubations, so for shorter stimulations (6 hrs or less) use Brefeldin A.  For longer stimulations use monensin.  We recommend optimization for each cell type and protocol.

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